Cognitive Conceptualization in Old Age: A Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Approach Focusing on Chronic Diseases and Changes in Social Roles

Abstract

Human aging involves biological, social, and subjective transformations that, when intersected by chronic illnesses and changes in social roles, may result in psychological suffering. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT), through cognitive conceptualization, offers an effective clinical model for understanding and intervening in the thoughts and beliefs that sustain such suffering in old age. This review article discusses the theoretical foundations of cognitive conceptualization in CBT and its applicability to the older adult population, with special attention to vulnerabilities arising from physical illness and the disruption of productive roles. Challenging reductionist views that associate old age exclusively with decline and unproductivity, the proposed reflection brings together theoretical contributions from authorssuch as Beck, Papalia and Feldman, Caradec, and Bosi to support a critical reading of the social construction of aging. It is argued that aging can represent a moment of identity re-signification, provided that there is adequate clinical and social space to support this process, confronting stigmatization, the medicalization of the aging body, and the normative discourses of the pharmaceutical industry that reinforce ideals of youth. By recognizing the plurality of aging experiences, CBT emerges as a powerful tool for psychological care and the promotion of quality of life in senior age.